Gunpowder changed everything. Curtain walls of stone gave way, literally, with the shock of shot. Of course, it was Michelangelo who turned Florence into a star. Leonardo’s Palmanova became the ideal city. The names for all the parts were like poems, little poems, like the parts of a poem. The Bastion and the Ditch. The Glacis, that grassy inflection. Horn works! Crown works! Dead zones now became deadly with intersecting fields of fire. Redoubts and Ravelins! Lunettes! Tenailles and Tenaillons! Counterguards and Cordons! Faussebrayes! Banquettes and Barbettes! Scarps and Counterscarps! They scan! They meter! Formal and beautiful! A Golden Mean! A raised ratio! Michael Martone
Read more by Michael Martone in Eckleburg No. 22.