SPOTLIGHT | Possessed in Serbia

nymphWhen I lived in Serbia, there was nothing I hated more than going to Serbian villages. They were a symbol of boredom to a young city girl hungry for the exciting, different, sophisticated, skyscraper-and-concrete world outside of Serbia. But now that I have lived in the United States for ten years and traveled through half of the world, I remember those sleepy little nooks with nostalgia: lambs playing together and women in headscarves, steep rocky roads, white mountaintops, intoxicating tall grass meadows, and forests of fragrant plum trees.

These villages curiously became my inspiration through my main muse, my 83-year old grandmother Ruža, who keeps revealing to me their incredible wealth of myths, legends, superstitions and beliefs that challenge imagination.

It all began about five years ago, while I lived in Manhattan, when my father Branimir, over Skype, asked me one day: “Why don’t you write a book?”

Why don’t I? I asked myself. I have an M.A. in journalism and a B.A. in literature. I have published three books of poetry, wrote numerous articles in both English and Serbian, and earned a bunch of awards for my writing in Serbia. I could write a book, a good book. But what would I write about?

Then I remembered what a good friend of mine, former Washington Post film critic Desson Thomson, told me once over a cappuccino: “You should write a story only you could write.”

It was suddenly clear. My book had to be set in Serbia. It had to be immersed in ancient, rich, deep, hidden Serbian traditions and culture people here would enjoy reading about.

So, every time I would go to Serbia over the next five years (about two times a year), I would interview different people: my maternal grandparents Nadezda and Tomislav living in the southern Serbian village of Nozrina, their neighbors, my mother Mirjana, and most importantly, my paternal grandmother Ruža, who never knew she was being interviewed. (My voice recorder looks like a cell phone. Please don’t tell her.)

Ruža and I, after a long embrace, would chat in her invariably stuffy one-bedroom apartment in Niš. (The draft in Serbia is a killer.) I would always sit on her armchair, and she on her sofa, with a framed black and white 60-year old photo of my handsome, mustachioed, late grandfather Svetomir (Holy Peace) staring at us from the wall. I would then ask her to tell me stories about our family, her family, and people I never laid eyes on like her grandparents and great grandparents, aunts and uncles, in-laws, all from map-less southern Serbian villages.

At first she would say: “What can I tell you?” My grandmother is an introvert and doesn’t like to talk much, prefers to be alone with her TV game shows that she’s excellent at.

But I would smile and persist. “Tell me about your grandparents? What were their names? What did they do? How many children did they have? How long did they live? How did they die?”

And once she began reciting the family tree she remembered so well, I would ask: “What was she like? What was he like?”

Then she would inevitably remember to tell me some fascinating story, such as how her own mother wanted her dead when she was a one-year-old, how her uncle was shot in the stomach by his comrades, how her father hated priests and never went to church, how she caught her husband seducing another woman while she was pregnant with their second child, how she wanted to give up her third child but her mother-in-law wouldn’t allow it, how abortions in her time were performed by old women’s hands in cold, damp, moldy sheds.

I would listen to her stories in awe, trying to absorb as much as possible, thinking how radically different my life had been from my grandmother’s, even if separated only by a half a century.

Then, when I would come back to the States, I would go to my favorite café and start writing.

This is how The Nymphs came to life.

Last spring, I asked my grandmother about vampires, as rural Serbia is their birthplace. So I thought, who better than an 83-year old woman who grew up in a small village and survived two wars to tell me stories about vampires?

But my vampire quest didn’t lead anywhere. She didn’t know much or didn’t want to divulge beyond the fact that the villagers of Gorčinci (Little Mountains) believed in vampires and would tell you to stay away from the cemetery at night, so “a vampire wouldn’t get you.”

But then, without being prompted, she began telling me about the time my late grandfather Svetomir—a Partisan, Josip Broz Tito’s soldier, a Communist by default (everybody during Tito’s reign in the former Yugoslavia was a Communist or was sent to Goli Otok, the Naked Island or Yugoslav version of Alcatraz) —was possessed by Satan while visiting his aunt in the village of Blato (Mud).

My ears perked up.

“Possessed? What do you mean possessed?” 

“Possessed. Satan possessed him. He was walking late at night through the village, and he lost his mind, he couldn’t find his aunt’s house until the morning, until the roosters sang.”

This is it, I thought. This is the story. Satan possessed a Communist, a man who didn’t believe in God. Brilliant.

I kept asking my grandmother more about this strange incident but she didn’t know much more. It was almost all my grandfather had told her at the time, some 50 years ago. She did mention that Satan’s goat jumped on some other villager’s horse-drawn cart and began talking to him. (When she said that, I wanted to get up and dance.)

When I went home that day, I asked my father if he knew the “possession” story. He said no, then laughed: “He (Svetomir) was a cunning, cunning man.” What this meant was that my father believed that his father lied to his mother. My father didn’t believe in anything supernatural, let alone talking goats and Satan stealing one’s mind.

My grandfather had a reputation of being a “lady’s man” in his prime, even after he got married and had children. My father thought that Svetomir lied to Ruža to hide the fact that he was with another woman. (I was possessed by demons. Sorry, honey. Always a good excuse.)

Plausible, I thought. Serbian men are infamous for being philanderers. (This is why I married an American.)

Either way, made-up or true, it was the basis for a great fiction story.

Let my readers wonder until the end if he (Svetomir) was really possessed or if he made the whole thing up to hide his infidelity. Take my grandmother and my father as a sample. She believed in the “possession,” while my father thought it was an elaborate lie, that my grandfather used my grandma’s superstitions to get out of a jam.

That’s the reason for the change in the point of view in the story, from first to third and back. I wanted my reader to feel like Svetomir, a bit lost, dizzy, disoriented, maybe caught in a whirlwind.

And while writing The Nymphs, it became clear to me that it had to be an atmospheric story, my reader had to be in the room with Svetomir, and smell the women’s hair, and candles, and slivovitz.

During my creative writing process, the dark-haired, dark-eyed woman from the story, the alleged “mistress,” had to evolve into more than a “floozy.” She had to become a Nymph, or a Vila, in the magical realism spirit of the story. Vilé were beautiful mythical creatures that saturated Serbian medieval literature. Why not transport them to the time just after World War II, when poor, hungry and wounded Serbs still needed something supernatural to believe in, besides what Communists were offering them. (That was, suffer for the greater good.)

And when it comes to the story’s location, I have actually never been to Blato, but I couldn’t imagine it looking much different than the three southern Serbian villages I have known well – Gorčinci, Veliki Drenovac (Big Tree), and Nozrina. So Blato was modeled on all three.

Everything else in the story is craftwork and imagination. I, of course, never met Svetomir’s aunt. There’s no son Joca, but I’m sure whoever seduced my grandfather (i.e. Stanoja) had to be at least part Nymph.

Through a long writing and editing process with my writing partner, Gimbiya Kettering and editor, Michael Walker, The Nymphs eventually surfaced and became the first chapter of my recently completed novel-in-stories, Golden-Grip Gun. The Gun is a multigenerational family saga that follows a cursed, mixed blood Yugoslav family (Petrovic) on a tumultuous journey from Serbian and Croatian villages in interwar Yugoslavia to Washington, DC, at the beginning of the 21st century.

Who would have thought that those villages that my parents used to have to drag me to in tears would become such an inspiration? But as a fiction writer, I am eternally grateful for inspiration no matter where it comes from. And as a token of gratitude for my unexpected and fertile muses, I chose Serbian Orthodox Christmas on January 7th as the date to send my novel to agents, for good luck. Hopefully, a Nymph will be around to help.

 


Marija Stajic is a Serbo-Croatian-American writer, journalist, linguist, and the author of three books of poetry. She has a BA in linguistics and literature from the University of Nis (Serbia), and an MA in international journalism from American University. She studied short story writing at the George Washington University and the Writer’s Center, in Bethesda, Maryland and playwriting at HB Studios in New York City. She is a recipient of the 2013 Undiscovered Voices Fellowship of The Writer’s Center, in Bethesda, MD. Her work has been published in The New Yorker, Gargoyle, VLP Magazine, Lunch Ticket, Epiphany Magazine, Writing Disorder, Orion Headless, Gloom Cupboard, Imitation Fruit, Inertia, Thick Jam, Circa, Yuan Yang, Burning Word, The Doctor T.J. Eckleburg Review, and Defying Gravity, a collection of short stories. 


 

Bards Behaving Badly: Paper Lion Prize Fights

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“It’s very hard to be a gentleman and a writer.”

W. Somerset Maugham

While writers have long battled publishers, editors, and critics, many have fought even more fiercely with the competition – themselves. If editorial rejection is maddening, peer criticism can be even more infuriating.

This is particularly true in the U.S. where competition is king – in the arts, no less than sports. The works of fully mature artists are incomparable. Apples and oranges. But some have struggled to be recognized, through sales or prizes, as The Greatest. The #1.

“I started out very quiet and I beat Mr. Turgenev,” wrote Hemingway. “Then I trained hard and I beat Mr. de Maupassant. I’ve fought two draws with Mr. Stendhal, and I think I had an edge on the last one.”

Dispensing with metaphor, Hemingway and his colleagues came to real blows about who was the titleholder. The one-upsmanship often deteriorated into character assassination. In a letter to Harvey Breit, Hemingway called Faulkner “a strange sort of phony cunt.” In a note to Malcolm Cowley, he described his rival as lacking “conscience” and “moral fiber.” But lest Cowley think he begrudged Faulkner his earlier Nobel, Papa conceded that his foe had a natural, if undisciplined, talent.

“I wish to Christ I owned him like you’d own a horse and train him like a horse and race him like a horse – only in writing,” the sportsman went on. He concluded with a takes-one-to- know-one compliment. “He is almost as much of a prick as Poe. But thank God for Poe and thank God for Faulkner.”[1]

The great southern novelist could be no less patronizing and competitive. “The good artist … has supreme vanity,” he told the Paris Review. “No matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him.” Even before The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner had announced: “I am the best in America, by God!”

If not more modest, Hemingway was more metaphorical about his own abilities. “I don’t like to write like God,” he pointed out. “It is only because you never do it, though, that the critics think you can’t do it.”

Just as America’s third Nobel laureate considered the second a phony, he dismissed the first laureate, Sinclair Lewis, as a “fake.” Lewis, who anointed himself “the best writer in this here goddamn country,” counterpunched by calling Hemingway “a dull-witted, bovine, monosyllabic simpleton.”

Not a stranger to literary roughhousing, Lewis had gone toe-to-toe with another top contender, Theodore Dreiser, after returning from Stockholm as the first rock star of American letters in 1930. At a Nobel celebration dinner attended by the New York literati, Lewis called his rival a “plagiarist” and an “ignoramus.” The creator of Sister Carrie challenged the guest of honor, “Say it again, and I’ll slap you.” So Arrowsmith did so and got himself slapped. The next day, the newspapers whipped up a popular frenzy for a proper rematch between the reigning American realists. A New York fight promoter proposed a “Dreiser Heavyweight Champ of American letters” versus “Kid Lewis” 15-round bout at Ebbets Field. When the two declined to participate, the promoter suggested they hire ghostwriter fighters.

In his diary, Dreiser described himself as “blazing with… a desire for superiority” and confessed to an “egotism written in every lineament.” Much like his other American heavyweight rivals – Lewis, Faulkner, and Hemingway.

The fourth American Nobel laureate, John Steinbeck, suffered the same affliction. “The whole early part of my life was poisoned with egotism,” he confessed. But he believed good writing came from “an absence of ego.”[2] And, as a point of honor, he refused to belittle his colleagues. Until he met Hemingway.

With great expectations, John O’Hara and John Hersey had arranged a summit between the two titans at a Manhattan restaurant. The year: 1944. Steinbeck was finishing Cannery Row then and riding high from The Grapes of Wrath. But, to his annoyance, many still dismissed him as “the poor man’s Hemingway.” As for Papa, his For Whom the Bell Tolls had come out in 1940, but he was entering an eleven-year drought.

After shoptalk and a few rounds, Hemingway bet $50 that he could break O’Hara’s prize blackthorn walking stick—a gift from Steinbeck—over his, O’Hara’s, head. Papa promptly did so, triumphantly threw the pieces down and demanded his money. Head in hands, the hypersensitive O’Hara was on the edge of tears.[3]

The walking stick incident moved Steinbeck to change his professional détente policy: He launched into diatribes about Hemingway.

When collecting his own Nobel eight years after Hemingway, a reporter asked Steinbeck if he felt he “deserved” the honor. “Frankly, no,” he replied in deference to those who had been overlooked by the Royal Academy, such as John O’Hara who confessed to craving the prize “so bad I can taste it.” When the Swedish inventor of dynamite honored Steinbeck, O’Hara sent him a telegram: “Congratulations, I can think of only one other author I’d rather see get it.”

A decade after the Hemingway moveable feast on O’Hara, Steinbeck invited Faulkner to dinner. By then the host was in his prime and his guest twenty years past it. Three sheets to the wind on arrival, Faulkner managed a few monosyllables during the course of the evening. Otherwise, he grunted, glared, and drained the bar. “We had a dreadful time with him,” recalled Elaine Steinbeck. Months later the Sound and the Fury ran into the Grapes of Wrath at a literary affair.

“I must have been pretty awful that night,” he said.

Steinbeck, not always an easy person himself, winked: “You were.”[4]

Mark Twain — whom Faulkner called the “father of American literature” but later dismissed as a “hack” — could be awful himself, suffering from the same supreme vanity and determination to “outrival those whom the public most admires.”[5] In his critical reviews, the former Mississippi River boat pilot enlarged himself by belittling his competitors: he sliced and diced George Eliot, Jane Austen, Robert Louis Stevenson, and James Fenimore Cooper with what he called “a pen warmed up in hell.”

Twain, embroiled in more lawsuits than any other American author, reserved his greatest spleen for his first editor and mentor, Bret Harte. “He trimmed and trained and schooled me patiently,” he admitted. Within a few years, Harte was written out, doing jingles for a soap company, and begging his now famous student for a handout. Twain offered him $25 for a play collaboration. Soon he branded the author of “The Outcasts of Poker Flat,” “a liar, a thief, a swindler, a snob, a sot, a sponge, a coward,” adding that he was gay, Jewish, a plagiarist and never “had an idea that he came by honestly.” After his teacher surrendered to throat cancer, he provided the eulogy: “Not a man … but an invertebrate without a country.”[6]

Shortly before his own death eight years later, Twain, once esteemed as a humanitarian and champion of the underdog, confessed: “I am full of malice, saturated with malignity.”



[1] Carlos Baker, ed., Ernest Hemingway: Selected Letters 1917-1961 (New York: Scribners)

[2] Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography (New York: Henry Holt, 1995)  

[3] Steve Newman, “John Steinbeck Meets Ernest Hemingway,” The Bookstove, December 15, 2010

[4] Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography (New York: Henry Holt, 1995)

[5] Ron Powers, Mark Twain: A Life. (New York: Free Press, 2005)

[6] Anthony Arthur, Literary Feuds: A Century of Celebrated Quarrels – from Mark Twain to Tom Wolfe (Thomas Dunne, 2002)

 


David Comfort has published three popular nonfiction titles from Simon & Schuster, and a fourth from Citadel/ Kensington. “Bards Behaving Badly” is excerpted from his latest trade title, An Insider’s Guide to Publishing, released by Writers Digest Books in December, 2013. Comfort is a Pushcart Fiction Prize nominee, and a finalist for the Faulkner Award, Chicago Tribune Nelson Algren, America’s Best, Narrative, Glimmer Train, Red Hen, Helicon Nine, and Heekin Graywolf Fellowship. His current short fiction appears in The Evergreen ReviewCortland Review, The Morning News, Scholars & RoguesInkwell, and Eclectica Magazine. 


 

Body Narrative: Writing the Story of Your Body

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We take these sounds as testimony: violin, skin, tongue. Our bodies know these testimonies as beauty. –Susan Griffin

Words have mysterious and profound power. The process of writing can be life changing and therapeutic. Research suggests that expressive writing can improve health and well being. Dr. James Pennebaker, the premier researcher in the area of writing as healing, says, “Story is a way of knowledge.” Let your story tell you where it wants to go. This column will address resistance in body-narrative writing and how to use stream-of-consciousness writing as a way to counter resistance as well as taking your body back to its roots.

In his book Writing from the Body, John Lee calls us to remember the primacy of the body in writing. “The call to write is a call received in the body first. Creativity is not tidy or polite—it’s insistent. It calls us to feel, not dimly, not safely, but widely, passionately, in every cell and fiber.” Lee writes, “If we are to answer this call, we have to be able to feel every part of our lives…To write from truth, we have to radically reclaim and renew the body.”[i]

Be strong then, and enter into your own body;

There you have a solid place for your feet.

Think about it carefully!

Don’t go off somewhere else!

Kabir says this: just throw away all thoughts of imaginary things,

and stand firm in that which you are.

Kabir from “#14” in The Kabir Book translated by Robert Bly

Writing body narrative can be approached as journaling for your own benefit or as something that would eventually be published. Keeping a daily journal allows one to explore the intricacies of life and any beliefs, judgments, or feelings we have difficulty releasing. Using everyday language to write body narrative, your body story can facilitate insight and transformation. Furthermore, using imagery and metaphor in the creative process aids in healing.

French anthropologist and ethnologist, Claude Lévi-Strauss, argued “the transformations of healing involve a symbolic mapping of bodily experience onto a metaphoric space represented in myth and ritual. The narrative structure of the ritual then carries the participants into a new representational space, and with this movement, transforms their bodily experience and social position.”[ii] Thinking about this in terms of body narrative, sometimes adding just a few sentences to your journal entries about the surprises you came across while writing, what you want to further explore, or what you are learning about yourself through writing fuels further reflection and clarity. 

At each writing session, it is necessary to

  1. Devote time to yourself
  2. Create a safe space
  3. Protect your privacy 

If you get stuck or feel resistant, ask yourself how being resistant serves you. Make a list of what you are resistant to. For each item, ask yourself, what you get to do or avoid because of the resistance. Can you imagine the possibility of what might happen if you let go of your resistance? Before returning to your writing, let your imagination float around freely. Allow the process of writing to lead you into the heart of what needs to be written.

After much thought, I realized that the trouble I had writing that bleak Friday afternoon was due to my approach. I was trying to analyze…trying to explain rationally… I was failing miserably because I was approaching the task through my head… I had to drop into my belly.

Marion Woodman, Interview, Common Boundary, July 1992

Self-awareness encompasses an awareness of movement and body sensations as well as thoughts and feelings. To help get you into your body, first consider the following: What does body awareness mean to you? What words or images would you use to describe body awareness? Do you view the mind and body as separate entities?

Enter into your writing fully without hesitation. Write with intention. Stream of consciousness writing allows you to let your words spill out as fast as your thoughts. It doesn’t matter if your writing is disconnected or repetitive, or whether punctuation is correct. Free-write for ten minutes. Sink into the depths.

“Delve deep into your roots—the roots that connect your body to your family, to the earth itself, the roots that dangle beneath your desire to write. Your words will blossom more freely when they are grounded in your own fertile soil.”iii         

Take your body back to its roots, to its ancestral homeland. Enter the body of your mother or grandmother or great-grandmother. What would it be like to live inside her skin? How did she feel about her own body–as a child, a teenager, a young mother, or an older woman? Write from her voice. Let your body tell the tale of the bodies that came before you, the bodies that brought you into being, the bodies that still sing through your blood.

Think about place as well. What landscape has informed and constructed you? What corners of the earth have you felt a deep union with? Bring this place –and your body’s response to it—to full, three-dimensional life on the page. Remember and name each little detail, from the wild mustard scent of the breeze to the burrs that clung to your socks long after you ran through the scrubby field. Write about being at home in your own flesh, not just a visitor in your own skin[iii]  

If you need emotional distance, write prose from a third person point of view or write as an observer. Putting your writing aside for a length of time–enough time that allows you to see with fresh eyes may be helpful. 

 

Sources

[i] Lee, J. (1994). Writing from the Body, St. Martin’s Griffin, p. 1.

[ii] Kirmayer, L. J. (2004). The cultural diversity of healing: meaning, metaphor and mechanism. British Medical Bulletin. 69(1): 33-48. Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/69/1/33.full.

[iii] Brandeis, G. (2002), Fruitflesh: Seeds of inspiration for women who write. New York, New York: Harper-Collins. p. 23.

 


 Debbie spent 30 years as a registered nurse. She became a certified applied poetry facilitator and journal-writing instructor in 2007. She is currently a student in the Johns Hopkins Science-Medical Writing program. Her publications have appeared in Journal of Poetry Therapy, Studies in Writing: Research on Writing Approaches in Mental Health, Women on Poetry: Tips on Writing, Teaching and Publishing by Successful Women, Statement CLAS Journal, The Journal of the Colorado Language Arts Society, and Red Earth Review.